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Parsha: Vayigash

Genesis 44:18-47:27

Haftarah: Ezekiel 37:15-28

Saturday, December 19, 2026

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Genesis 44:18-47:27

Daily Reading Schedule:

Talmudic References:

Explore key discussions and cross-references from the Talmud that provide profound depth to the themes of Parsha Bereshit.

1

Chagiagah

Daf Reference: 4b:8

(Reference Genesis 45:3)


Chagigah 4b:8


The Gemara similarly relates: When Rabbi Elazar reached this verse, he cried: “And his brethren could not answer him, for they were affrighted at his presence” (Genesis 45:3). He said, in explanation of his emotional reaction: If the rebuke of a man of flesh and blood was such that the brothers were unable to respond, when it comes to the rebuke of the Holy One, Blessed be He, all the more so. When Rabbi Elazar reached this verse, he cried: “And Samuel said to Saul: Why have you disquieted me, to bring me up” (I Samuel 28:15). He said: If Samuel the righteous was afraid of judgment when he was raised by necromancy, as he thought he was being summoned for a Divine judgment, all the more so that we should be afraid.

2

Bava Batra

Daf Reference: 123a:21

(Referece for Genesis 46:27)


Bava Batra 123a:21


§ The Gemara continues its discussion of Jacob’s family. Abba Ḥalifa Karoya asked Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: In the total tally of Jacob’s family members who descended to Egypt, you find seventy, as stated in the verse: “All the souls of the house of Jacob, that came into Egypt, were seventy” (Genesis 46:27). By contrast, in their individual listing, when the family members of each of his sons are listed by name, you find seventy-less-one. How can this be resolved? Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said to him: A twin sister was born with Dinah, as it is written: “And [ve’et] his daughter Dinah” (Genesis 46:15). The term et implies an unspecified additional person. Abba Ḥalifa Karoya replied: If that is so, one would have to say that a twin sister was born with Benjamin...

3

Sanhedrin

Daf Reference: 106a:15

(Reference for Genesis 47:27)


Sanhedrin 106a:15


Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Everywhere that it is stated: And he dwelt, it is nothing other than an expression of pain, of an impending calamity, as it is stated: “And Israel dwelt in Shittim, and the people began to commit harlotry with the daughters of Moab” (Numbers 25:1). It is stated: “And Jacob dwelt in the land where his father had sojourned in the land of Canaan” (Genesis 37:1), and it is stated thereafter: “And Joseph brought evil report of them to his father” (Genesis 37:2), which led to the sale of Joseph. 


And it is stated: “And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt in the land of Goshen” (Genesis 47:27), and it is stated thereafter: “And the time drew near that Israel was to die” (Genesis 47:29). It is stated: “And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig tree” (I Kings 5:5), and it is stated thereafter: “And the Lord raised up an adversary to Solomon, Hadad the Edomite; he was of the king’s seed in Edom” (I Kings 11:14).

Commentaries from our Sages:

01

Or HaChaim on Genesis 45:8

(Referece for Genesis 45:8)


Or HaChaim on Genesis 45:8


וְעַתָּה לֹא אַתֶּם וְגוֹ׳. פֵּרוּשׁ, לָתֵת טַעַם לְהָסִיר מִלִּבָּם חֲשַׁשׁ הַשִּׂנְאָה, לְבַל יַחְשְׁבוּ כִּי יוֹסֵף יִשְׂטֹם אוֹתָם וְיִשְׂנָאֵם עַל אֲשֶׁר נִתְאַכְזְרוּ עָלָיו, וְיִהְיֶה בְּעֵינֵיהֶם דָּבָר רָחוֹק שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לֵב יוֹסֵף נָכוֹן עִמָּם, לָזֶה אָמַר לָהֶם: הֵן אֱמֶת כִּי בִּשְׁעַת מַעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר מְכָרוּהוּ הָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים זָרִים בְּעֵינָיו, אֵיךְ יִהְיֶה כָּל הָאַכְזָרִיּוּת בְּלֵב אַחִים עַל אֲחִיהֶם, וּרְאוּיִים הֵם לִהְיוֹת שְׂנוּאִים אֶצְלוֹ.


"Now, you did not send me here, etc." Joseph explained why he told the brothers not to worry that he still hated them for what they had done to him and how cruelly they had treated him. He implied that it was true that at the time he certainly had not understood why they could have harboured so much resentment against him; he had had reason to hate them for that; ועתה, now, things had become clear.


אָכֵן עַתָּה, אַחַר רְאוֹתוֹ כָּל הַנִּמְשָׁךְ מִירִידָתוֹ מִצְרַיִם, יָדַע כִּי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָיָה מֵאֵת ה׳, וְהֵם שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ עָשׂוּ וְלֹא שְׁלִיחוּת עַצְמָם, וּבָזֶה אֵין מָקוֹם לִשְׁמֹר לָהֶם אֵיבָה וְלֹא לְהַרְחִיק מִדַּת הָאַחְוָה מֵהֶם.


Having reflected on all that had transpired since the brothers had sold him, Joseph had realised that it had been part of an overall design orchestrated by G'd. The brothers had merely been G'd's agents, though they did not realise it at the time. It would not be appropriate for him to continue to feel hatred towards them.


וְאוּלַי כִּי בָּזֶה הָיָה לָהֶם פָּנִים לַעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי אֲבִיהֶם כְּשֶׁנִּגְלָה הַדָּבָר, כִּי הֵם הַגּוֹרְמִים לוֹ אֵבֶל וּבְכִי עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם שָׁנָה וְעָשׂוּ הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הַמּוּפְלָא בְּמֶכֶר אֲחִיהֶם, וְרוֹאַנִי שֶׁגַּם בּוֹשׁ לֹא יֵבוֹשׁוּ מֵאֲבִיהֶם. וְהָיָה נִרְאֶה לוֹמַר כִּי יַעֲקֹב לֹא יָדַע גּוּף הַמַּעֲשֶׂה, וְזֶה דֶּרֶךְ רָחוֹק, כִּי פְּשִׁיטָא שֶׁלֹּא יִמָּנַע מֵחֲקוֹר זֹאת הֵיאַךְ נִתְגַּלְגְּלוּ הַדְּבָרִים עַד שֶׁיָּרַד יוֹסֵף לְמִצְרַיִם, וְגַם מַעֲשֵׂה כְּתֹנֶת הַפַּסִּים הַמּוּבָא אֵלָיו מֻטְבָּל בְּדָם. אֶלָּא וַדַּאי כִּי בְּטַעֲנַת ״לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם״ וְגוֹ׳ שֶׁאָמַר יוֹסֵף, הֻכַּר הַדָּבָר כִּי מֵאֵת ה׳ הָיְתָה זֹאת וְאֵין לְהַרְהֵר אַחַר מִדּוֹתָיו, וְהוּא אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (בראשית רבה פז:א) רָאוּי הָיָה יַעֲקֹב לָרֶדֶת בְּשַׁלְשְׁלָאוֹת וְכוּ׳:


Perhaps this consideration enabled the brothers to face their father who would now have to become aware that it was the brothers who had caused him to mourn the loss of Joseph all these years. In view of the outcome, the brothers did not even need to feel shame when they faced their father. It is quite unlikely that once Jacob had become aware that Joseph was the ruler in Egypt that he should not have made every effort to find out how Joseph came to be in Egypt and what happened to cause his striped coat to become blood-drenched at the time. The only argument that would reconcile Jacob and his sons with what had happened was that it had become evident that G'd's plan had been executed step by step. There was no point in second-guessing why and how G'd had brought all this about. Our sages in Bereshit Rabbah 86,1 have already said that Jacob had originally been meant to descend to Egypt in chains, but that the sale of Joseph enabled him to arrive in Egypt in style, i.e. riding in Pharaoh's chariot.


Eliyahu Munk, Lambda Publishers, 1998

02

Chizkuni n Genesis 46:3:1-2

(Reference for Genesis 46:3)


Chizkuni on Genesis 46:3


אלקי אביך הקב״‎ה נגלה על יעקב בלשון שכבדו כדכתיב ויזבח זבחים לאלקי אביו יצחק.


“the G-d of your father.” G-d appeared to Yaakov in the same mode as Yaakov had addressed him, i.e. this is why He describes Himself as “the G-d of your father “


אל תירא מרדה מצרימה אין אומרים אל תירא אלא למי שהוא מתיירא לפי שהיה יעקב מתיירא ואומר עכשיו שאני יורד למצרים קרבו הימים שנאמר לזקני גזירת שעבוד ועינוי על זרעי בארץ לא להם אמר לו הקב״‎ה אל תירא מרדה מצרימה אם לאביך הזהרתי באתי לך להבטיחך אם קרבו ימי שעבוד ועינוי גם קרבה הברכה שברכתי את זקנך ואעשך לגוי גדול. היינו כי לגוי גדול אשימך שם.


 “do not fear descending to Egypt;” no one in the Bible had ever been told by G-d not to be afraid, unless he had already been afraid. Yaakov’s reasoning for being fearful was his knowledge that being strangers in a foreign land and being slaves which had been decreed already in the lifetime of his grandfather Avraham would most likely commence now that he was moving to Egypt. G-d answered him that although He had warned his father and grandfather of this, He appeared to him in order to give him reassurance. He hinted that although he was correct in assuming that the warning would soon be fulfilled, but by the same token, the promise made to all the three patriarchs that they would develop into a great nation, came closer to its fulfillment.




Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk

Source: urimpublications.com

Digitization: Sefaria

License: CC-BY

03

Steinsaltz on Genesis 47:27

(Reference for Genesis 47:27)


וַיֵּשֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵל כאן לראשונה אין זה שמו הפרטי של יעקב, אלא שמו של השבט. בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן, וַיֵּאָחֲזוּ בָהּ. יעקב ומשפחתו חיו בתנאים נוחים ונטולי דאגות. הם עסקו בעבודתם, ויוסף דאג לפרנסתם, וכך – וַיִּפְרוּ וַיִּרְבּוּ מְאֹד.


Israel, which is used here for the first time as the title of the entire tribe, rather than the individual name of Jacob, lived in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen; they settled there. Jacob and his family lived in comfortable conditions, without worries. They dealt with their occupations, while Joseph provided their sustenance. And consequently, they were fruitful and multiplied exceedingly.


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